Doped Ruthenium/Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene (HPS) Catalysts in the Modification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

The modification of fatty substrates using heterogeneous catalysts have extensive industrial application and has an emphatic position in a sustainable context. Herein ruthenium, nickel, cobalt copper-doped supported on hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) were prepared by wet impregnation, characterized applied the canola acid methyl esters (FAME). characterization showed dispersive effect doping metals over ruthenium particles, presence sites overall surface morphology, which allows targeting potential applications. chosen modifications consisted hydrogenation, hydroformylation, oxidative cleavage deoxygenation, resulting superb catalytic activities 99% conversions for hydrogenation deoxygenation. simplicity FAME composition understanding processes upscale more complex matrixes. Finally, obtained data stimulates further optimization studies each with variation usage residual substrates, greatly enhancing sustainability profile systems.